Luke HSC Visual Arts (Theory)

Minimalism (1950)

2010-02-06T02:26:00.000-08:00

Tony Smith
"Free Ride"
1962
Sculpture

Op Art (1950)

2010-02-06T02:23:00.000-08:00

Bridget Riley
"Movement in Squares"
1961
Tempera on Board

Pop Art (1950)

2010-02-06T01:35:00.000-08:00

Richard Hamilton
"Just What Is It that Makes Today's Homes So Different, So Appealing?"
1956
Collage, 26 X 24.8

Abstract Expressionism (1950)

2010-02-06T01:01:00.000-08:00

Jane Frank
"Crags and Crevices"
1961
Oil and spackle, 177.8 X 127

Surrealism (1900)

2010-02-06T00:52:00.000-08:00

o A literary and art movement, dedicated to expressing the imagination as revealed in dreams, free of the conscious control of reason and convention.
o Surrealism inherited its anti-rationalist sensibility from Dada, but was lighter in spirit than that movement.
o Like Dada, it was shaped by emerging theories on our perception of reality, the most obvious influence being Freud's model of the subconscious.
o Founded in Paris in 1924 by Andre Breton with his Manifesto of Surrealism, the movement's principal aim was 'to resolve the previously contradictory conditions of dream and reality into an absolute reality, a super-reality'.
o Its roots can be traced back to French poets such as Arthur Rimbaud, Charles Baudelaire and Lautreamont, the latter providing the famous line that summed up the Surrealists' love of the incongruous; "Beautiful as the chance encounter of a sewing machine and an umbrella on a dissecting table."
o The major artists of the movement were Salvador Dali, Max Ernst, Renй Magritte and Joan Mirу.
o Surrealism's impact on popular culture can still be felt today, most visibly in advertising.
o Began after WWI
o Time where Europe was physically and physiologically affected by war
o Another influence on surrealisms was the theories of Sigmund Freud
o Meaning “super-reality”
o Subconscious being the mainstream for inspiration
o Generated some kind of order to the chaos of Dada
o Highly organised group of writers and artists who were inspired by the philosophies of Andre Breton
o Aimed to change the previous conventions of art
o They were a sense of ant-art
o Freud’s theories had a profound affect on the surrealists
o Influenced by Bosch and Romanticism
o Artists include: Dali, Delvaux, Ernst, Magritte, Man Ray and Joan Miro
o Artist came from various backgrounds
o Most radical surrealists proposed a state of mind that was permanently disorientated from the outside world

Salvador Dali
"The Persistence of Memory"
1931
Oil on canvas, 24.1 X 33

Dada (1900)

2010-02-06T00:41:00.000-08:00

o Highly political
o Movement born at a time when the horror of WWI was being played out
o Angry artists – they undertook the time honoured artistic tradition of protesting against the war
o Early form of shock art
o Used to make a statement
o Portrayed images to the public to get a negative reaction e.g. Marcel Duchamp’s Mona Lisa they found it widely encouraging
o Started in Zurich
o ONE RULE: never follow any known rules
o Intended to provoke an emotional response
o Abstract and expressionism were the main influences of Dada
o Dada self destructed when it was in danger of actually becoming “acceptable”
o An international movement among European artists and writers between 1915 and 1922
o Characterised by a spirit of anarchic revolt. Dada revelled in absurdity, and emphasised the role of the unpredictable in artistic creation.
o It began in Zurich with the French poet Tristan Tzara thrusting a penknife into the pages of a dictionary to randomly find a name for the movement.
o This act in itself displays the importance of chance in Dada art.
o Irreverence was another key feature: in one of Dada's most notorious exhibitions, organised by Max Ernst, axes were provided for visitors to smash the works on show.
o Dada artists were actually fuelled by disillusionment and moral outrage at the unprecedented carnage of World War One, and the ultimate aim of the movement was to shock people out of complacency.
o Among the leading Dadaists were Marcel Duchamp (whose Mona Lisa adorned with moustache and goatee is a Dada classic), George Grosz, Otto Dix, Hans Richter and Jean Arp. The movement had a strong influence on Pop Art, which was sometimes called neo-Dada.

Hanah Hoch
"Cut with the Dada Kitchen Knife through the Last Weimar Beer-Belly Cultural Epoch in Germany"
1919
Collage of pasted papers, 144 X 90

Expressionism (1900)

2010-02-05T23:54:00.000-08:00

o A term used to denote the use of distortion and exaggeration for emotional effect
o first surfaced in the art literature of the early twentieth century
o intense colour, agitated brushstrokes, and disjointed space.
o Expressionism is an artistic style in which the artist attempts to depict not objective reality but rather the subjective emotions and responses that objects and events arouse in him.
o He accomplishes his aim through distortion, exaggeration, primitivism, and fantasy and through the vivid, jarring, violent, or dynamic application of formal elements.
o In a broader sense Expressionism is one of the main currents of art in the later 19th and the 20th centuries, and its qualities of highly subjective, personal, spontaneous self-expression are typical of a wide range of modern artists and art movements.
o its goals to strongly impose the artist's own sensibility to the world's representation.
o The expressionist artist substitutes to the visual object reality his own image of this object, which he feels as an accurate representation of its real meaning.
o The search of harmony and forms is not as important as trying to achieve the highest expression intensity, both from the aesthetic point of view and according to idea and human critics.
o As an international movement, expressionism has also been thought of as inheriting from certain medieval art forms and, more directly, Cézanne, Gauguin, Van Gogh and the fauvism movement.
o The most well known German expressionists are Max Beckman, Otto Dix, Lionel Feininger, George Grosz, Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, August Macke, Emil Nolde, Max Pechstein; the Austrian Oskar Kokoschka, the Czech Alfred Kubin and the Norvegian Edvard Munch are also related to this movement.
o During his stay in Germany, the Russian Kandinsky was also an expressionism addict.

Franz Marc
"The Large Blue Horses"
1911
Oil on canvas, 102 X 160

(1900) Futurism

2010-02-04T14:12:00.000-08:00

o An Italian avant-garde art movement that took speed, technology and modernity as its inspiration, Futurism portrayed the dynamic character of 20th century life, glorified war and the machine age, and favoured the growth of Fascism.
o The movement was at its strongest from 1909, when Filippo Marinetti's first manifesto of Futurism appeared, until the end of World War One.
o Was unique in that it was a self-invented art movement.
o The idea of Futurism came first, followed by a fanfare of publicity; it was only afterwards that artists could find a means to express it.
o Marinetti's manifesto, printed on the front page of Le Figaro, was bombastic and inflammatory in tone - "set fire to the library shelves... flood the museums" - suggesting that he was more interested in shocking the public than exploring Futurism's themes.
o Painters in the movement did have a serious intent beyond Marinetti's bombast, however.
o Their aim was to portray sensations as a "synthesis of what one remembers and of what one sees", and to capture what they called the 'force lines' of objects.
o The futurists' representation of forms in motion influenced many painters, including Marcel Duchamp and Robert Delaunay, and such movements as Cubism and Russian Constructivism.

Umberto Boccioni
"Unique Forms of Continuity in Space"
1913
Bronze Sculpture

(1900) Fauvism

2010-02-04T14:08:00.000-08:00

o Characterised by paintings that used intensely vivid, non-naturalistic and exuberant colours.
o The style was essentially expressionist, and generally featured landscapes in which forms were distorted.
o They found their name when a critic pointed to a renaissance-like sculpture in the middle of the same gallery as the exhibition and exclaimed derisively 'Donatello au milieu des fauves!' ('Donatello among the wild beasts!'). The name caught on, and was gleefully accepted by the artists themselves.
o The movement was subjected to more mockery and abuse as it developed, but began to gain respect when major art buyers, such as Gertrude Stein, took an interest.
o The leading artists involved were Matisse, Rouault, Derain, Vlaminck, Braque and Dufy. Although short-lived (1905-8)

Henri Matisse
"Woman with a Hat"
1905
Oil on canvas, 79.4 X 59.7

Art timeline

2010-02-04T14:04:00.000-08:00

Overview timeline of the Art Periods.

From Ancient all the way through to Pop and Op art.

(1875) Post Impressionism

2010-02-04T04:07:00.000-08:00

o A movement in France that represented both an extension of Impressionism and a rejection of that style's inherent limitations.
o The term Post-Impressionism was coined by the English art critic Roger Fry for the work of such late 19th-century painters as Paul Cézanne, Georges Seurat, Paul Gauguin, Vincent van Gogh, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, and others.
o All of these painters except van Gogh were French, and most of them began as Impressionists; each of them abandoned the style, however, to form his own highly personal art.
o Impressionism was based, in its strictest sense, on the objective recording of nature in terms of the fugitive effects of colour and light.
o The Post-Impressionists rejected this limited aim in favour of more ambitious expression, admitting their debt, however, to the pure, brilliant colours of Impressionism, its freedom from traditional subject matter, and its technique of defining form with short brushstrokes of broken colour. The work of these painters formed a basis for several contemporary trends and for early 20th-century modernism.
o The Post-Impressionists often exhibited together, but, unlike the Impressionists, who began as a close-knit, convivial group, they painted mainly alone.
o Both Gauguin and van Gogh rejected the indifferent objectivity of Impressionism in favour of a more personal, spiritual expression.
o In general, Post-Impressionism led away from a naturalistic approach and toward the two major movements of early 20th-century art that superseded it: Cubism and Fauvism, which sought to evoke emotion through colour and line.

Henri Rousseau
"The Centenary of Independence"
1892
Oil on canvas, 57 X 110

(1900) Cubism

2010-02-04T04:02:00.000-08:00

o Led by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque
o Cubists broke from centuries of tradition in their painting by rejecting the single viewpoint.
o Instead they used an analytical system in which three-dimensional subjects were fragmented and redefined from several different points of view simultaneously.
o The movement was conceived as 'a new way of representing the world', and assimilated outside influences, such as African art, as well as new theories on the nature of reality, such as Einstein's Theory of Relativity.
o Cubism is often divided into two phases - the Analytic phase (1907-12), and the Synthetic phase (1913 through the 1920s).
o The initial phase attempted to show objects as the mind, not the eye, perceives them.
o The Synthetic phase featured works that were composed of fewer and simpler forms, in brighter colours.
o Other major exponents of Cubism included Robert Delaunay, Francis Picabia, Jean Metzinger, Marcel Duchamp and Fernand Leger.

Pablo Picasso
"Les Demoiselles d'Avignon"
1907
Oil on canvas, 243.9 X 233.7

(1875) Impressionism

2010-02-04T03:57:00.001-08:00

o Achieved great naturalism by analysing tone and colour and by trying to render the play of light on the surface of objects
o Complementary colour in shadows
o Painted outside
o Wasn’t accepted at first
o Vivid colours
o Concentrated on the fall of light on a object
o Time is important because of capturing light
o Painted real life images of everyday people doing everyday things in “real” time
o A French 19th century art movement that marked a momentous break from tradition in European painting.
o incorporated new scientific research into the physics of colour to achieve a more exact representation of colour and tone.
o The sudden change in the look of these paintings was brought about by a change in methodology: applying paint in small touches of pure colour rather than broader strokes
o Painting out of doors to catch a particular fleeting impression of colour and light.
o The result was to emphasise the artist's perception of the subject matter as much as the subject itself.
o Artist captures the image of an object as someone would see it if they just caught a glimpse of it.
o They paint the pictures with a lot of colour and most of their pictures are outdoor scenes. Their pictures are very bright and vibrant.
o The artists like to capture their images without detail but with bold colours.
o Some of the greatest impressionist artists were Edouard Manet, Camille Pissaro (later went over to Cubism), Edgar Degas, Alfred Sisley, Claude Monet, Berthe Morisot and Pierre Auguste Renoir.
o Manet influenced the development of impressionism. He painted everyday objects.
o Pissaro and Sisley painted the French countryside and river scenes.
o Degas enjoyed painting ballet dancers and horse races.
o Morisot painted women doing everyday things.
o Renoir loved to show the effect of sunlight on flowers and figures.
o Monet was interested in subtle changes in the atmosphere.
o While the term Impressionist covers much of the art of this time, there were smaller movements within it, such as Pointillism, Art Nouveau and Fauvism.

Claude Monet
"Impression: Sunrise"
1872
Oil on canvas, 48 X 63

(1800) Realism

2010-02-04T03:42:00.000-08:00

o Was a mid-nineteenth century art movement and style in which artists discarded the formulas of Neoclassicism and the theatrical drama of Romanticism to paint familiar scenes and events as they actually looked.
o Typically it involved some sort of socio-political or moral message, in the depiction of ugly or commonplace subjects.
o Daumier, Millet and Courbet

Gustave Courbet
"The Stone Breakers"
1849
Oil on canvas, 165 X 267

(1400 - 1600) Renaissance Art

2009-12-07T17:12:00.001-08:00

o Meaning Rebirth
o Revival of artistic interest in the classical world
o Individual expression
o Worldly experience
o Catholic dominant society
o Christian subject matter in many artworks
o Preoccupation with philosophy
o Humanism evolved
o Humans were the most important
o Artworks that glorified humans were popular
o Mathematical precision on architecture
o Time of great wealth and stability
o Education blossomed
o Ancient Greece and Rome influenced many artists
o Church commissioned artists to do work e.g. Michelangelo – Vatican
o Perfect forms e.g. Michelangelo’s Pieta and David
o Da Vinci’s Mona Lisa- first artwork to show real human expression
o Art – classic perfection
o Many of these artists came from Florence and it remained an important centre for the Renaissance into the 16th century eventually to be overtaken by Rome and Venice. Some of the ideas of the Italian Renaissance did spread to other parts of Europe, for example to the German artist Albrecht Durer of the 'Northern Renaissance'.

Raffaello Sanzio
"School of Athens"
1511 (high renaissance)
Fresco, 500 X 770

(1250) Gothic Art

2009-12-07T17:07:00.001-08:00

o Mainly an architectural movement
o Detailed ornamentation most noticeably the pointed archways and elaborate rib vaulting.
o First developed in France
o Intended as a solution to the inadequacies of Romanesque architecture
o It allowed for cathedrals to be built with thinner walls and it became possible to introduce stained glass windows instead of traditional mosaic decorations.
o Some of the finest examples of the style include the cathedrals of Chartres, Reims and Amiens.
o Term was also used to describe sculpture and painting that demonstrated a greater degree of naturalism.

Veit Stoss
Sculpture
15th Century

(200 B.C) Roman Art

2009-12-07T16:40:00.000-08:00

-Influenced by Greek art
-Rome- centre of civilization
-Romans – good soldiers, planners, administrators and engineers
-Love later naturalistic styles of Greek art
-Took Greek art, copied the ones that are to big to take:
Venus de Milo and Discabolus… copies of Greek art
-Writing is from roman times
They built:
Roads
Baths
Theaters
Aqueducts
Roman Architects
-Used Greek posts and lintel system and arch system
-Also used arches, vaults and domes
-Interior ad important as exterior
-Developed concrete
-Round building roofed with domes e.g. the Pantheon

Pompejanischer Maler um 60 v. Chr.
"Villa dei Misteri a Pompei"
60/50 BCE
Fresco, 162 cm

(400 B.C.) Greek Art: Archaic, Classical, Hellenistic

2009-12-02T03:41:00.000-08:00

Archaic Greek Art:

The Moschophoros (calf-bearer)
circa 570 BC
Athens

The sculpture itself is not as refined as later Greek artworks, and there is an element of naiivity about the artwork. This is prominent within the face, where the detail becomes much simpler.

Classical:

Began in 5th century B.C.
Ideal, perfect figures almost godlike figures
Beginning: only male nudes
Later: female nudes with draperies
More natural figures with turned heads
Sculpture: Natural form/In action or in rest/Marble/The sculptures were painted…lost due to weathering sculptors: figured out all body proportions
Sculptures of Gods and athletes
-Developed the idea of classicism
-Pursuit of perfection
-Think posh Everything is perfect
Greek buildings are mathematically faultless
Only stable wealthy societies can achieve classicism
Sense of optimism within society
Ancient Greece – highest form of “taste and style”
-Knowledge and intelligence

Poseidon (or Zeus) of Cape Artemision
c. 460 BC.
Athens

The figure is very refined and there is lots of detail that emphasizes the muscles of the figure. Its pose is very dramatic adding much more emotion to it than the Archaic sculptures.

Hellenistic:

Laocoön and his sons
200 BC.

The Hellenistic sculpture is very dramamtic, structured with many strong diagonals it makes the artwork much more dynamic. There is a great emphasis on the figures' facial features, therefore making the work more emotive than early sculptures.

Theory: (1600) Baroque, (1700) Rococo, (1750) Neo Classicism, (1800) Romanticism

2009-11-30T03:59:00.000-08:00

(1600) Baroque:
o Is less complex
o More realistic and more emotionally affecting than Mannerism.
o This movement was encouraged by the Catholic Church, the most important patron of the arts at that time, as a return to tradition and spirituality.
o One of the great periods of art history
o Caravaggio, Annibale Carracci, and Gianlorenzo Bernini developed Baroque Art, among others. This was also the age of Rubens, Rembrandt, Velбzquez, and Vermeer. Moving away from classic idealism into realism
o Roman Catholic church was highly influential during this time
o Incorporating everyday life into art
o Influenced by religion, society and politics
o Chiaroscuro main characteristic associated with Baroque
o Characteristics of painting :-Movement Energy Chiaroscuro Dramatic figures Intricate detail Interesting textures Blurred edges Feeling of Infinite space

"Supper at Emmaus"
Carravaggio
oil on canvas, 54 X 76
1600-01

(1700) Rococo:
o His style consisted of delicate colours and gentle forms painted within a frivolous subject matter. .
o These works mirrored the frolicsome, artificial and ornamented decadence of the French aristocracy of the time.
o Tended towards lightness, elegance, delicacy and decorative charm
o Naturalistic detail
o When you think rococo think pretty and fancy… lace and charm
o Gave way to neoclassicism
o Rococo was the reaction against the ponderous and formal atmosphere of baroque

o Referred to as the “AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT”
o INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION:
Throughout the 18th century in France, a new wealthy and influential middle-class was beginning to rise, even though the royalty and nobility continued to be patrons of the arts.
o Upon the death of Louis XIV and the abandonment of Versailles, the Paris high society became the purveyors of style.
o This style, primarily used in interior decoration, came to be called Rococo.
o The term Rococo was derived from the French word "rocaille", which means pebbles and refers to the stones and shells use to decorate the interiors of caves.
o Shell forms became the principal motif in Rococo.
o In the society women competed for the best and most elaborate decorations for their houses. Hence the Rococo style was highly dominated by the feminine taste and influence.
o Boucher won fame with his sensuous and light-hearted mythological paintings and landscapes.
o He executed important works for both the Queen of France and Mme. de Pompadour, Louis XV's mistress, who was considered the most powerful woman in France at the time.
o Boucher was Mme. de Pompadour's favourite artist and was commissioned by her for numerous paintings and decorations.
o Boucher also became the principal designer for the royal porcelain factory and the director of the Goblins tapestry factory.
o Characterized by elegant and refined yet playful subject matters, Boucher's style became the epitome of the court of Louis XV.

"Toilette de Venus"
François Boucher
108 X 85
1751

(1750) Neo Classicism:
o A nineteenth century French art style and movement that originated as a reaction to the Baroque.
o It sought to revive the ideals of ancient Greek and Roman art.
o Neoclassic artists used classical forms to express their ideas about courage, sacrifice, and love of country.
o Jacques-Louis David and Antonio Canova are examples of neo-classicists.

"The Oath of the Horatii"
Jacques-Louis David
oil on canvas, 329.8 X 424.8
1784/85

(1800) Romantacism:

"Saturn Devouring his Son"
Francisco de Goya
oil on canvas, 146 X 83
1819-1823

Still thinking...

2009-10-29T16:38:00.000-07:00

My artwork is almost definitely going to resemble a post-modern artwork. My own style doesn't suit earlier styles of art- of course I could however take techniques from other styles, but that idea hasn't exactly appealed or worked for me yet. Soooo... I'm semi a quarter of the way there... Awesome right? Another thing I'm next to sure about is that my artwork is going to be metaphorical; there will be somethin that symbolises another thing. Whether what it symbolises is somewhat ambiguous, I'm not sure yet, and so comes the onslaught of choices... I have a choice in the subject matter whether it is going to be personal and meaningful, or just simply representing my interests. I think the subject matter is going to be the easy part though. With so many ways I can create an artwork I am stuck on how I am going to go about it. I could go digital, charcoal, collage, or even working with found materials.
Lemme think... I am comfortable with digital, butttt I don't wanna be usin just simply images from the internet like I've done with previous artworks. Again this is where Jessica Honeywill's artwork comes into mind...
I'm not going to do an image purely with charcoal though. If I used charcoal it would be with something else (like in a collage).
Collage and found materials... I can't really evaluate that one, cause there's too much I CAN do.

Body of Work Brainstorming

2009-10-20T04:33:00.000-07:00

Thinking up ideas on my BOW...
So I'm not sure what the subject matter is going to be yet, except I'd like it to be personal. The media I'm goin to use? I can charcoal draw, use digital media, collage, paint, but I think ultimately my artworks are gonna end up as mixed medias- that way I'm not focusin on one area of practical study, but rather a whole wide range of areas. I might want to make my work expressionistic (not sure) but like I wanna express emotion within it, not sure to what extent however.
I've also thought of maybe approaching it in a simple way. On visiting art express earlier this year, one artwork in particular was stuck with me; "Two (II)" by Jessica Jade Honeywill.

Her artwork in the simplest way holds so much meaning and emotion to it, and in that way it draws the audience right in and captures them. This would be a response I'd love to achieve!!! = ]

Yr 12 HSC Begins : (

2009-10-19T20:44:00.000-07:00

Hey, so this is my first blog, nd yea I need to do this cause Miss Higgins told me to but its alright. Nyways um not sure wat I'm supposed to be sayin but I guess I can talk bout Gerard criticising my Internet linguo... It's prtty annoyin actually I think it's perfectly readable nd understandable! Plus FYI it looks fine : P
Yer but he noes I'm kiddin... Kinda.
But I'm supposed to be talkin bout art so gimme a sec nd I'll start.
Yr 12 HSC Art... Wow it's prtty scary but I think I can handle it. Gotta start buildin up some ideas for my majors... OH! Nd I need to remember to write in my VAPD otherwise I'm gonna gets in twouble
: (
Nyways gud luck to every1 ; )